[ 嚴海 ]——(2006-10-3) / 已閱92418次
135. 《執(zhí)行決議》有三個段落與之相關(guān)，第2段、第4段、第5段。第4段內(nèi)容為：“為了確保根據(jù)本《決議》中確立的制度進口的產(chǎn)品用于公共健康目的，“符合條件的進口成員方”應(yīng)在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)采取所有合理措施防止實際已根據(jù)此制度進口其境內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品再出口到它處。如果“符合條件的進口成員方”是難以執(zhí)行本條款的發(fā)展中國家或最不發(fā)達國家成員方，發(fā)達國家成員方必須應(yīng)請求或根據(jù)共同達成的條款和條件提供技術(shù)和金融協(xié)作，促進其執(zhí)行本條款�！�；第5段內(nèi)容為：“各成員方應(yīng)確保TRIPS協(xié)議所要求的有效法律手段的可獲取性，以期防止在此制度下生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品進口并在其境內(nèi)銷售， 如有任何成員方認為，為此目的所采取的措施不夠充分，可提出請求，TRIPS理事會將對此進行審議�！�
136. 《執(zhí)行決議》第11段為：“對所有成員方而言，本決議，包括其中授予的“放棄權(quán)”將于對TRIPS協(xié)議作出的修改替代現(xiàn)有的對該成員方生效的條款之日起終止。TRIPS理事會將于2003年底啟動修改TRIPS協(xié)議的準(zhǔn)備工作并希望在6個月內(nèi)予以通過，該修改在適當(dāng)之處將以本《決議》為基礎(chǔ)，而且不作為《多哈部長宣言》（WT/MIN（01）/DEC/1）第45段中提到的談判的一部分。”
137. Shapi Shacinda, WTO Rules Mean Life, Death to Africa, Houston Chron., Sept. 7, 2003, at 5, available at 2003 WL 57440840.
138. The General Council Chairperson’s Statement, available at http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news03_e/trips_stat_28aug03_e.htm (last visited Dec 10, 2005) 。
139. 參見前引132，Medecins Sans Frontieres文。
140. The General Council Chairperson's Statement, WTO 2003 News Items, Aug. 30, 2003, at http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news03_e/trips_stat_28aug03_e.htm (last visited Jan. 5, 2006); see also WTO NEWS 2003 Press Releases, Decision Removes Final Patent Obstacle to Cheap Drug Imports (Aug. 30, 2003), at http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres03_3/pr350_e.htm (last visited Jan. 5, 2006). The Chairperson's Statement focused on the issue of diversion of drugs from their target market, a concern of pharmaceutical companies. See Chairperson's Statement.
141. See Star Ledger, Put Fighting Disease First, Sept. 10, 2003, at 14, available at 2003 WL 18727632.
142. Frederick M. Abbott, The WTO Medicines Decision: World Pharmaceutical Trade and the Protection of Public Health, 99 A.J.I.L. 317, 358 (2005).
143. Pavento et al., International Patent Protection for HIV-Related Therapies: Patent Attorneys' Perspective, 17 EMORY INT'L L. REV. 919, 923 (2003).
144. Divya Murthy, The Future of Compulsory Licensing: Deciphering the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, 17 Am. U. INT'L L. REV. 1299, 1324, 1329-32 (2002).
145. 印度利用了TRIPS協(xié)議第65條第4款的過渡期條款，該條款允許發(fā)展中國家將給與藥品專利的時間推遲到2005年的1月1日。
146. See Carsten Fink, Patent Protection, Transnational Corporations, and Market Structure: A Simulation Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry, 1 J. Industry, Competition & Trade 101, 106 (2001).
147. See D. G. Shah, The New Indian Patent Law and August 30 Decision: The Response of the Generic Industry, presentation to WHO-CIPIH Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health, Geneva (Mar. 1, 2005).
148. 參見鄧常春《近五年來印度〈專利法〉的修改對其制藥業(yè)的影響》，載《南亞研究季刊》，2005年第2期，第32頁以下。
149. 參見印度1970年專利法（1999年修訂），第三部分，(d), (e)； 印度2004年《專利（修訂）條例》第三段。
150. An Act to Amend the Patent Act and the Food and Drug Act, Bill C-56, 51-52 Elizabeth II (200202003), available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/2/parlbus/chambus/house/bills/government/c-56/c-56_1/90247bE.html. (Last Visited on Nov. 8, 2005).
151. Patent Act, R.S.C. 1985, ch. P-4.
152. Food & Drugs Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. F-27.
153. 前引150，Patent Act, 21.04(1).
154. 前引150，Patent Act, 21.04(1).
155. 前引150，Patent Act, 21.08.
156. 前引150，Patent Act, 21.17(1).
157. 前引150，Patent Act, 21.17(5).
158. 關(guān)于加拿大立法的詳細情況，可以參考Mark D. Penner, Prakash Narayanan, Amendments to the Canadian Patent Act to Address Drug Access: Is Help on the Way? 60 Food Drug L.J. 459 (2005).
159. See Consultation—Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (Excerpts), at http://www.dep.no/ud/engelsk/p2500832/p30003923/032121-290003/index-dokOOO-b-n-a.html (last visited Aug. 8, 2005).
160. See TRIPS Council Shows Little Progress on Health and Biodiversity, Bridges Wkly Trade News Dig., Nov. 26, 2003, at http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-11-26/story4.htm (Last Visited on Nov. 8, 2005).
161. See France to Apply WTO Generic Drug Pact by 2005 (Nov. 22, 2004), at http://www.expatica.com/source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=58&story_id=14233&name=France+to+apply+WTO+generic+drug+pact+by+2005 (last visited Aug. 9, 2005).
162. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Paliment and of the Council on Compulsory Licensing of Patents Relating to the Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products for Export to Countries with Public Health Problems (Oct. 29, 2004), at http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/patent/medicines_en.pdf (last visited Aug. 8, 2005).
163. 前引142，Pavento et al.文，第921頁。
164. Amir Attaran, Assessing and Answering Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the Trips Agreement and Public Health: the Case for Greater Flexibility and a Non-Justiciability Solution, 17 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 743, 755(2003).
165. WTO Votes to Bypass Patents on Medicines; Cheap Generics go to Poor Nations, WASH. POST, Aug. 31, 2003, at A16.
166. 前引4，《執(zhí)行決議》第3段。
167. See generally Additional Developments -- Foreign and International Law, 17 Berkley Tech. L.J. 613 (2002). See also Susan Finston, India: A Cautionary Tale on the Critical Importance of Intellectual Property Protection, 12 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L. J. 887, 891, 895 (2002).
168. Stephanie A. Barbosa, Implementation of the Doha Declaration: Its Impact on American Pharmaceuticals,36 Rutgers L. J. 205, 249 (2004).
169. TRIPS and Public Health: Dedicated Webpage for Notifications (WTO, Geneva, Switzerland), at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/public_health_e.htm (last visited Jan. 5, 2005).
170. Rochelle Cooper Dreyfuss, TRIPS-Round II: Should Users Strike Back? 71 U. Chi. L. Rev. 21, 21(2004).
171. 曲三強著：《被動立法的百年輪回——談中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的發(fā)展歷程》，《中外法學(xué)》1999年第2期，第40頁。
172. 崔國斌著：《基因技術(shù)的專利保護與利益分享》，選自鄭成思主編《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)文叢》第三卷，中國政法大學(xué)出版社2000年版，第257 頁。
173. [美]約翰?羅爾斯著，何懷宏等譯：《正義論》，中國社會科學(xué)出版社，1988年版。
174. [美]E?博登海默著，鄧正來譯：《法理學(xué)：法律哲學(xué)與法律方法》，中國政法大學(xué)出版社，1999年版，第318頁。
175. [美]奧德利?理查普曼著：《將知識產(chǎn)權(quán)視為人權(quán)：與第15條第1款第3項有關(guān)的義務(wù)》，《版權(quán)公報》，2001年第3期，第35頁。
176. 高勝著：《正義是社會制度的首要價值——從“關(guān)于TRIPS協(xié)議和關(guān)于公共健康問題的宣言”談起》，《中國對外貿(mào)易》，2002年4月，第18頁。
177. 吳漢東著：《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的私權(quán)和人權(quán)屬性——以知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定和世界人權(quán)公約為對象》，《法學(xué)研究》，2003年第3期，第73頁。
178. 參見王冠璽，李筱蘋：《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律與基本權(quán)沖突的法理研究》，載《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)》2005年第4期，第9頁以下。
179. 前引131文件。
180. See WT/MIN(05)/DEC Ministerial Declaration, Doha work programme, Adopted on 18 December 2005, para. 39, at http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min05_e/final_text_e.htm#public_health (last visited May 1, 2005)
181. See TRIPS Council Shows Little Progress on Health and Biodiversity, Bridges Wkly Trade News Dig., Nov. 26, 2003, at http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-11-26/story4.htm (last visited Aug. 8, 2005).
182. 參見榮民，郭輝：《WTO多哈發(fā)展回合關(guān)于TRIPS協(xié)定的談判和中國的參與》，載《世界貿(mào)易組織動態(tài)與研究》2005年第11期，第3頁。
183. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Paliment and of the Council on Compulsory Licensing of Patents Relating to the Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products for Export to Countries with Public Health Problems (Oct. 29, 2004), at http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/patent/medicines_en.pdf (last visited Aug. 8, 2005).
184. 印度強制許可的補償費一般限于該專利產(chǎn)品凈銷售收入的4%，高者為8%；菲律賓則規(guī)定強制許可的補償費最高不超過專利產(chǎn)品銷售收入的5%. C M Correa, Intellectual Property Rights and the Use of Compulsory Licenses: Opinions for Developing Countries (1999), n 174,175 at http://www.southcentre.org/publications/publihealth/publichealth-12htm#p1627 174483, (last visited Aug. 8, 2005).
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